Acute renal failure (also known as acute kidney injury or AKI) is a serious condition where the kidneys suddenly lose their ability to filter waste from the blood effectively. It can be reversible with prompt treatment, depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Here’s a bit more detail on the common causes mentioned:

1. Dehydration: This can be due to excessive fluid loss from conditions like diarrhoea or vomiting, which reduces the blood flow to the kidneys and impairs their ability to function properly.
2. Infections: Severe infections can cause kidney damage either directly or indirectly by affecting blood flow or causing a systemic inflammatory response.
3. Certain Drugs: Some medications can be nephrotoxic, meaning they can damage the kidneys. Examples include certain antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and contrast agents used in imaging studies.
4. Snakebite: Venom from some snakes contains toxins that can damage kidneys and lead to acute renal failure.
5. Blockage to the Passage of Urine: Conditions that obstruct urine flow, such as kidney stones, tumors, or an enlarged prostate, can lead to a backup of urine and increased pressure, ultimately damaging the kidneys.